国务院


国务院办公厅转发中国人民保险公司关于发展涉外保险业务增加外汇收入的报告的通知(附英文)
国务院


中国人民保险公司《关于发展涉外保险业务增加外汇收入的报告》已经国务院批准，现转发给你们，请贯彻执行。

中国人民保险公司关于发展涉外保险业务增加外汇收入的报告
根据中央和国务院领导同志关于努力增加非贸易外汇收入的指示精神，最近我们对如何发展涉外保险业务增加外汇收入的问题进行了研究。现将有关问题报告如下：

一
随着我国对外开放政策的贯彻执行，我保险公司的涉外保险业务近年来有了迅速发展，目前开办的险种己达四十多种。除青海、西藏外，全国各省、自治区、直辖市都开办了涉外保险业务，业务量平均每年递增10％左右。我设在海外的保险机构业务，近年来也有较大的发展。我在香
港和澳门的四家保险公司一九八四年收入保险费比一九八三年增加近30％。这几家公司的盈利也逐年增长。
开展涉外保险业务，对我国对外贸时和经济交往中的风险（包括物质损失和赔偿责任）给予经济保障，提供防损服务，对促进我国对外经济贸易往来，增强外商来华投资的信心，起了积极作用。

二
涉外保险的保险费收入，是一项重要的无形贸易外汇收入，世界各国都很重视并积极开拓这项业务。目前我国的涉外保险业务发展比较缓慢，其保险费在国家全部非贸易外汇收入中所占比重很小，同我国实行对外开放的新形势极不相称。以办理时间较长、保险费收入占首位的进出口货
物运输保险为例，出口货物在国内保险的仅占50％，占出口成交额三分之一以上的石油等大宗商品，由我公司承保的极少。正常贸易进口货物在国内保险的比重已接近90％，但我向国外借款项下进口的设备，大部分仍在国外保险公司投保。此外，在我国的中外合作、外国独资企业和我
国对外承包、劳务合作项下的保险，外国人和港澳同胞来华旅游期间的保险，各国驻华机构人员在我国应承担的公众责任保险，以及我国驻外机构、在国外设立的贸易中心的合资、合作企业的保险，由我承保的比重都很低，有的根本没有在我国保险。从这些方面看，我国涉外保险业务潜力
很大，是大有可为的。
我们认为，只要加强领导，措施得力，在各有关部门支持配合下，“七五”期间涉外保险费收入（不包括国际再保险和海外机构的保险费收入）的每年增长速度，从现在的10％提高到18％是完全有可能的。

三
为了进一步发展涉外保险业务，当前应当采取以下几项措施：
（一）积极开展宣传工作。保险公司要在各部门、各行业和舆论界的支持和协助下，采取多种方式，积极宣传发展涉外保险业务和增加非贸易外汇收入的意义，宣传开办涉外保险对于扩大国际经济往来的好处，动员各方面的力量，支持涉外保险工作的开展。
（二）完善涉外经济法规中有关保险的条文。我国制定和颁布的各项涉外经济法规，凡需要列入保险条文的，都应明确按国务院国发［1985］33号文发布的《保险企业管理暂行条例》第三条规定办理。我国还应尽快制定和颁布在华的外国企业、机构和人员实行公众责任保险和机
动车辆第三者责任保险的条例。
（三）各级政府的外事和对外经贸部门要指导并协助开展国外保险工作。对外经贸部门召开的重要会议和同外商进行的重大项目谈判，应向保险公司通报有关情况，并在必要时邀请他们派人参加。审批涉外项目可行性研究报告和合同草案时，应将是否列入保险条文作为一项内容。我国
劳务出口单位对外承包工程项目时，在不违反当地政府法律的前提下，应力争在我国内保险。我国驻外使领馆和其他机构的财产和人员如需保险，除当地国或地区法律规定必须在当地保险外，均应在国内办理。我驻海外银行机构要同我在当地的保险机构密切合作，积极开展各项保险业务。

这些银行办理抵押贷款时，应争取将贷款保证向我保险机构投保。我国对外经贸系统在国外设立的公司和贸易中心等机构，必要时保险公司可派驻人员配合开展保险业务。我国旅游部门应积极协助保险公司开展来华旅游者所需要的保险。
（四）允许保险公司运用经济手段，推动业务发展。我国对外保险业务，有相当一部分是依靠经贸部门和其他有关部门的业务人员争取来的。例如，进出口货物运输保险，在国际保险市场竞争激烈的情况下，我经贸部门和有关部门为增加保险外汇收入，往往要经过艰苦的谈判，付出额
外的劳动，才能把外汇保险业务争到手。为了鼓励经贸部门和有关部门的职工积极协助保险公司开展涉外保险业务，为国家多增加一些非贸易外汇收入，保险公司可按保费收入一定比例（一般为百分之零点几到百分之几）提取劳务手续费，付给这些单位（以人民币支付），由单位在一般奖
金之外对搞得好的职工给予奖励。这部分奖金，可免交奖金税。具体办法由财政部下达执行。
（五）暂不允许外国保险公可来华开业。
（六）加强保险公司自身的建设。保险公司去年从中国人民银行分出后，虽然机构和人员有较多增加，但仍然不能适应业务发展的需要。从事涉外保险工作人员的素质亟需提高，应当对国际经济、涉外法律有较多的了解，并具有一定的外语水平。因此，除了我们自己抓紧培训在职干部
外，希望教育部门每年能分配一定数量的外语和金融、保险专业大学生，并能有计划地安排几个大专院校增设保险专业，以加速保险干部的培养。保险公司要努力提高服务质量，增加保险类别，增强我国保险的竞争能力。
以上报告如无不妥，请批转执行。(附英文)

CIRCULAR OF THE GENERAL OFFICE OF THE STATE COUNCIL FOR TRANSMIT-TING THE REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE PEOPLE'S INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHINA ONDEVELOPING INSURANCE BUSINESS INVOLVING FOREIGN INTERESTS IN ORDER TOINCREASE FOREIGN EXCHANGE
REVENUE

Important Notice: (注意事项)

英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)

CIRCULAR OF THE GENERAL OFFICE OF THE STATE COUNCIL FOR TRANSMIT-
TING THE REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE PEOPLE'S INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHINA ON
DEVELOPING INSURANCE BUSINESS INVOLVING FOREIGN INTERESTS IN ORDER TO
INCREASE FOREIGN EXCHANGE REVENUE
(November 30, 1985)
The Report on Developing Insurance Business Involving Foreign Interests in
Order to Increase Foreign Exchange Revenue, which was submitted by the
People's Insurance Company of China, has been approved by the State
Council and is hereby transmitted to you for you to act upon accordingly.
Report of the People's Insurance Company of China on Developing Insurance
Business Involving Foreign Interests in Order to Increase Foreign Exchange
Revenue
(Excerpts)
In accordance with the essence of the policies of the State on striving to
increase non-trade foreign exchange revenue, we have recently made a study
of the question as to how to develop insurance business involving foreign
interests in order to increase foreign exchange revenue. We now submit the
report on the relevant questions as follows:

Chapter I

With the implementation of China's policy of opening to the outside world,
the insurance business involving foreign interests handled by our
Insurance Company has developed rapidly in recent years. At present, there
are already over 40 types of insurance coverage. The handling of the
insurance business involving foreign interests so as to give financial
protection against risks (including material losses and indemnity
liability) involved in China's foreign trade and economic exchanges and
provide services with a view to preventing losses has played a positive
role in promoting China's foreign trade and economic exchanges and in
enhancing the confidence of foreign businessmen coming to make investment
in China.

Chapter II

As the income from the premiums of insurance involving foreign interests
is an important item of foreign exchange revenue of invisible trade, the
various countries in the world have attached great importance to and are
actively developing this business. At present, China's insurance business
involving foreign interests is developing at a relatively slow pace and
the premiums only account for a very small proportion of the State's total
non-trade foreign exchange revenue, which ill conforms with the new
situation in which China is implementing the policy of opening to the
outside world. Take, for example, the transportation insurance for import
and export goods the handling of which has lasted for a relatively long
time and the premium income of which ranks first. Only 50 percent of the
export goods is insured domestically and such bulk goods as petroleum,
which account for over one-third of the total export business volume of
China, are rarely insured with our Company. Nearly 90 percent of the
import goods in normal trade is insured domestically, but most of the
equipment imported under loans China has obtained from abroad is insured
by insurance companies abroad. Furthermore, only a very small proportion
of the insurance related to the Chinese-foreign contractual joint ventures
and foreign-capital enterprises in China and under the project contracts
China has undertaken abroad or the labour service co-operative contracts
with foreign countries, of the insurance taken out by foreigners or
compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao coming to China's mainland for
tourist purposes, of the public liability insurance that the personnel of
foreign institutions in China are supposed to bear in China, and of the
insurance related to Chinese institutions abroad and the trade centres,
joint ventures and contractual joint ventures China has established abroad
is effected by our Company. In some cases, the insurance is even not
effected in China at all. All the above mentioned circumstances show that
China's insurance business involving foreign interests still has great
potentials and bright prospects.

Chapter III

With a view to further developing China's insurance business involving
foreign interests, it is imperative to adopt the following measures at
present:
1. It is imperative to conduct publicity drives actively, The Insurance
Company shall, with the support and help by the various departments,
people from all walks of life and the public opinion circles, employ
varied means and actively propagate the significance of developing
insurance business involving foreign interests and increasing foreign
exchange revenue from non-trade sources and of the advantages of handling
insurance business involving foreign interests to the expansion of
international economic exchanges in order to mobilize the various forces
to support the development of insurance business involving foreign
interests.
2. It is imperative to perfect the clauses related to insurance in China's
foreign economic laws and regulations. All clauses on insurance that need
to be included in the various foreign economic laws and regulations China
formulates and promulgates shall be handled in strict accordance with the
provisions in Article 3 of the Interim Regulations on the Administration
of Insurance Enterprises, which was promulgated by the State Council. It
is imperative for China to expedite the formulation and promulgation of
regulations concerning the public liability insurance that shall be
effected with respect to foreign enterprises, institutions and personnel
in China and the motor vehicle third-party liability insurance.

3. Departments for foreign affairs and departments for foreign economic
relations and trade under the governments at various levels shall give
guidance and assistance to the development of insurance business involving
foreign interests. Departments for foreign economic relations and trade
that are to call important meetings or hold talks with foreign businessmen
on major projects shall keep the Insurance Company advised of the relevant
developments and shall, if necessary, invite people from the Insurance
Company to attend such meetings or talks. In examining and approving the
feasibility study report and the draft contract with respect to a project
involving a foreign party, the inclusion of clauses on insurance shall be
one of the items for consideration. Chinese labour service units that are
contracting foreign engineering projects shall try their best to effect in
China the insurance with respect to the projects, provided this shall not
constitute a violation of the laws of the foreign governments involved. If
insurance is required for the property and personnel of Chinese embassies,
consulates and other institutions abroad, it shall be effected in China,
unless the laws of the countries or regions concerned stipulate that the
insurance shall be effected in their localities. Chinese banking
institutions based overseas shall work in close co-operation with the
Chinese insurance institutions in the localities and actively engage in
various types of insurance business.
When these banks are handling loans on mortgage, they shall try hard to
cover the insurance with the Chinese insurance institutions there with
respect to the security of the loans. The Insurance Company may, when
necessary, send their personnel to, and station them in, the corporations,
trade centres and other institutions established abroad by departments and
organizations affiliated to the Chinese Ministry for Foreign Economic
Relations and Trade to coordinate work in handling insurance business.
Chinese departments for tourism shall give active assistance to the
Insurance Company in providing the insurance required by tourists in
China.

4. The Insurance Company shall be permitted to employ economic means to
promote the development of insurance business. A considerable part of the
insurance business involving foreign interests has been canvassed through
efforts on the part of the business personnel of the departments for
foreign economic relations and trade and other departments concerned.
Take, for example, the transportation insurance for import and export
goods. Faced with the fierce competition in the international insurance
market, Chinese departments for foreign economic relations and trade and
other departments concerned, in order to increase foreign exchange revenue
from insurance business, often have to conduct strenuous negotiations and
do extra amounts of laborious work before they can succeed in obtaining
some insurance business involving foreign exchange. In order to encourage
the workers and staff of the departments for foreign economic relations
and trade and other departments concerned who actively assist the
Insurance Company in developing the insurance business involving foreign
interests so as to earn more foreign exchange revenue for the State from
non-trade sources, the Insurance Company may draw a certain proportion
(ranging from less than one percent to less than ten percent) from the
premium income as labour service fee to be paid to the aforesaid units to
be paid with RMB, which shall, on top of the common bonus, reward those
workers and staff members who have performed well in this regard. Such
rewards may be exempted from bonus tax. The Ministry of Finance shall
formulate measures in this respect and promulgate them for implementation.
5. Foreign insurance companies shall for the time being not be permitted
to begin their business operations in China.
6. The Insurance Company shall strengthen its own organization setup.
Since the Insurance Company itself separated from the People's Bank of
China last year, although there has been a relatively big increase in its
agencies and personnel, this increase still cannot meet the needs of its
business development. It is an urgent task to improve the quality of the
personnel engaged in insurance business involving foreign interests, who
shall be required to have a better knowledge of the international economy
and of China's laws and regulations governing its external economic
activities and have a fairly good command of foreign languages. Therefore,
in addition to intensifying our work to offer in-service training to our
cadres, we hope that the departments for education will provide us every
year with a certain number of university graduates who major in foreign
languages, finance or insurance, and will arrange in a planned way for
some institutions of higher learning to initiate the specialty of
insurance so as to quicken the cultivation of cadres who will specialize
in insurance business. The Insurance Company shall work hard to improve
the quality of service, increase the types of insurance coverage and
strengthen China's competitive position in insurance business.
If the above contains nothing inappropriate, it is requested that the
report be approved and transmitted to departments concerned for
implementation.



1985年11月30日
卫生部


卫生部关于印发人禽流感诊疗方案（试行）的通知

各省、自治区、直辖市卫生厅局，新疆生产建设兵团卫生局：


人禽流感是由禽甲型流感病毒某些亚型的毒株引起的急性呼吸道传染病。为有效应对可能发生的人禽流感疫情，我部和国家中医药管理局委托中华医学会等学会组织相关领域专家起草了《人禽流感诊疗方案（试行）》（以下简称“方案”），现下发给你们，供临床诊疗和医务人员培训时使用。由于我国内地尚未发生过人禽流感病例，在人禽流感诊断和治疗方面缺少经验，因此，请各地注意收集总结临床工作中的经验和遇到的问题，并及时反馈我部和中华医学会。

附件：人禽流感诊疗方案（试行）



卫生部

二00四年二月四日

附件：
人禽流感诊疗方案（试行）

人禽流行性感冒（以下称人禽流感）是由禽甲型流感病毒某些亚型的毒株引起的急性呼吸道传染病。1997年5月，我国香港特别行政区1例3岁儿童死于不明原因的多脏器功能衰竭，同年8月经美国疾病预防和控制中心以及世界卫生组织（WHO）荷兰鹿特丹国家流感中心鉴定为禽甲型流感病毒H5N1引起的人类流感，这是世界上首次证实禽甲型流感病毒H5N1感染人类。之后相继有H9N2、H7N7亚型感染人类和H5N1再次感染人类的报道。
一、病原学
禽流感病毒属甲型流感病毒。甲型流感病毒呈多形性，其中球形直径80～120nm，有囊膜。基因组为分节段单股负链RNA。依据其外膜血凝素（H）和神经氨酸酶（N）蛋白抗原性的不同，目前可分为15个H亚型（H1～H15）和9个N亚型（N1～N9）。甲型流感病毒除感染人外，还可感染猪、马、海洋哺乳动物和禽类。感染人的禽流感病毒亚型主要为H5N1、H9N2、H7N7，其中感染H5N1的患者病情重，病死率高。
禽流感病毒对乙醚、氯仿、丙酮等有机溶剂均敏感。常用消毒剂容易将其灭活，如氧化剂、稀酸、十二烷基硫酸钠、卤素化合物（如漂白粉和碘剂）等都能迅速破坏其传染性。
禽流感病毒对热比较敏感，65℃加热30分钟或煮沸（100℃）2分钟以上可灭活。病毒在粪便中可存活1周，在水中可存活1个月，在PH<4.1的条件下也具有存活能力。病毒对低温抵抗力较强，在有甘油保护的情况下可保持活力1年以上。
病毒在直射阳光下40～48小时即可灭活，如果用紫外线直接照射，可迅速破坏其传染性。
二、流行病学
（一）传染源 主要为患禽流感或携带禽流感病毒的鸡、鸭、鹅等家禽,特别是鸡；但不排除其它禽类或猪成为传染源的可能。
（二）传播途径 主要经呼吸道传播，通过密切接触感染的禽类及其分泌物、排泄物，受病毒污染的水等，以及直接接触病毒毒株被感染。目前尚无人与人之间传播的确切证据。
（三）易感人群 一般认为任何年龄均具有易感性，但12岁以下儿童发病率较高，病情较重。与不明原因病死家禽或感染、疑似感染禽流感家禽密切接触人员为高危人群。
三、临床特征
（一）流行病学史
发病前1周内曾到过禽流感暴发的疫点，或与被感染的禽类及其分泌物、排泄物等有密切接触者，或从事禽流感病毒实验室工作人员。目前不排除与禽流感患者有密切接触的人有患病的可能。
（二）临床表现
1、潜伏期 一般为1～3天，通常在7天以内。
2、临床症状 急性起病，早期表现类似普通型流感。主要为发热，体温大多持续在39℃以上，热程1～7天，一般为3～4天，可伴有流涕、鼻塞、咳嗽、咽痛、头痛和全身不适。部分患者可有恶心、腹痛、腹泻、稀水样便等消化道症状。重症患者病情发展迅速，可出现肺炎、急性呼吸窘迫综合征、肺出血、胸腔积液、全血细胞减少、肾功能衰竭、败血症、休克及Reye综合征等多种并发症。
3、体征 重症患者可有肺部实变体征等。
（三）实验室检查
1、外周血象 白细胞总数一般不高或降低。重症患者多有白细胞总数及淋巴细胞下降。
2、病毒抗原及基因检测 取患者呼吸道标本采用免疫荧光法（或酶联免疫法）检测甲型流感病毒核蛋白抗原（NP）及禽流感病毒H亚型抗原。还可用RT-PCR法检测禽流感病毒亚型特异性H抗原基因。
3、病毒分离 从患者呼吸道标本（如鼻咽分泌物、口腔含漱液、气管吸出物或呼吸道上皮细胞）中分离禽流感病毒。
4、血清学检查 发病初期和恢复期双份血清抗禽流感病毒抗体滴度有4倍或以上升高，有助于回顾性诊断。
（四）胸部影像学检查
重症患者胸部X线检查可显示单侧或双侧肺炎，少数可伴有胸腔积液等。
（五）预后
人禽流感的预后与感染的病毒亚型有关，感染H9N2、H7N7者，大多预后良好；而感染H5N1者预后较差，据目前医学资料报告，病死率约为30%。
影响预后的因素除与感染的病毒亚型有关外，还与患者年龄，是否有基础性疾病，治疗是否及时，以及是否发生并发症等有关。
四、诊断与鉴别诊断
（一）诊断
根据流行病学史、临床表现及实验室检查结果，排除其他疾病后，可以作出人禽流感的诊断。
1、医学观察病例 有流行病学史，1周内出现临床表现者。
与人禽流感患者有密切接触史，在1周内出现临床表现者。
2、疑似病例 有流行病学史和临床表现，患者呼吸道分泌物标本采用甲型流感病毒和H亚型单克隆抗体抗原检测阳性者。
3、确诊病例 有流行病学史和临床表现，从患者呼吸道分泌物标本中分离出特定病毒或采用RT-PCR法检测到禽流感H亚型病毒基因，且发病初期和恢复期双份血清抗禽流感病毒抗体滴度有4倍或以上升高者。
（二）鉴别诊断
临床上应注意与流感、普通感冒、细菌性肺炎、传染性非典型肺炎（SARS）、传染性单核细胞增多症、巨细胞病毒感染、衣原体肺炎、支原体肺炎等疾病进行鉴别诊断。
五、治疗
（一）对疑似和确诊患者应进行隔离治疗。
（二）对症治疗 可应用解热药、缓解鼻粘膜充血药、止咳祛痰药等。儿童忌用阿司匹林或含阿司匹林以及其它水杨酸制剂的药物，避免引起儿童Reye综合征。
（三）抗流感病毒治疗 应在发病48小时内试用抗流感病毒药物。
1、神经氨酸酶抑制剂 奥司他韦（Oseltamivir ，达菲），为新型抗流感病毒药物，试验研究表明对禽流感病毒H5N1 和H9N2有抑制作用，成人剂量每日150mg, 儿童剂量每日3mg/kg，分2次口服，疗程5天。
2、离子通道M2阻滞剂 金刚烷胺（Amantadine）和金刚乙胺（Rimantadine）。金刚烷胺和金刚乙胺可抑制禽流感病毒株的复制。早期应用可阻止病情发展、减轻病情、改善预后。金刚烷胺成人剂量每日100～200mg，儿童每日5mg/kg，分2次口服，疗程5天。治疗过程中应注意中枢神经系统和胃肠道副作用。肾功能受损者酌减剂量。有癫痫病史者忌用。

（四）中医药治疗 参照时行感冒（流感）及风温肺热病进行辨证论治。
1、治疗原则
（1）及早使用中医药治疗。
（2）清热、解毒、化湿、扶正祛邪。
2、中成药应用
应当辨证使用中成药，可与中药汤剂综合应用。
（1）退热类 适用于发热期、喘憋期发热，可根据其药物组成、功能主治选用，如瓜霜退热灵胶囊、紫雪、新雪颗粒等。
（2）清热解毒类 口服剂可选用清开灵口服液（胶囊）、双黄连口服液、清热解毒口服液（颗粒）、银黄颗粒、板蓝根冲剂、抗病毒胶囊（口服液）、藿香正气丸（胶囊）、葛根芩连微丸、羚羊清肺丸、蛇胆川贝口服液等，注射剂可选用清开灵注射剂、鱼腥草注射剂、双黄连粉针剂。
3、分证论治
（1）邪犯肺表
症状：初起发热，恶风或有恶寒，流涕、鼻塞、咳嗽、咽痛、头痛、全身不适、口干，舌苔白或黄，脉浮数。
治法：清热解毒，宣肺解表
基本方及参考剂量：
桑叶30g（先煎） 荆芥15g 菊花15g 杏仁10g
连翘15g 石膏30g（炒） 知母15g 大青叶10g
薄荷6g（后下）
（2）邪犯胃肠
症状：发热，恶风或有恶寒，恶心、或有呕吐、腹痛、腹泻、稀水样便；舌苔白腻或黄，脉滑数。
治法：清热解毒，化湿和中
基本方及参考剂量：
葛根15g 黄芩15g 黄连10g 木香6g
砂仁3g（后下） 制半夏9g 藿香10g 柴胡15g
苍术10g 茯苓10g 马齿苋30g
上述两种证候随证加减：
若患者出现胸闷、气短、口干甚者，可加党参、沙参；若咳痰不利，加天竺黄；若肺实变，加丹参、苡仁、葶苈子。
若患者出现喘憋、气促、神昏谵语、汗出肢冷、口唇紫绀、舌暗红少津、脉细微欲绝，去制半夏，加用人参、炮附子、麦冬、五味子；亦可选用生脉注射液、参附注射液、清开灵注射液，醒脑静注射液。
（五）加强支持治疗和预防并发症 注意休息、多饮水、增加营养，给易于消化的饮食。密切观察、监测并预防并发症。抗菌药物应在明确或有充分证据提示继发细菌感染时使用。
（六）重症患者的治疗 重症或发生肺炎的患者应入院治疗，对出现呼吸功能障碍着给予吸氧及其他呼吸支持，发生其它并发症患者应积极采取相应治疗。
六、预防
(一)加强禽类疾病的监测，一旦发现禽流感疫情，动物防疫部门立即按有关规定进行处理。养殖和处理的所有相关人员做好防护工作。
（二）加强对密切接触禽类人员的监测。当这些人员中出现流感样症状时，应立即进行流行病学调查，采集病人标本并送至指定实验室检测，以进一步明确病原，同时应采取相应的防治措施。
（三）接触人禽流感患者应戴口罩、戴手套、穿隔离衣。接触后应洗手。
（四）要加强检测标本和实验室禽流感病毒毒株的管理，严格执行操作规范，防止医院感染和实验室的感染及传播。
（五）注意饮食卫生，不喝生水，不吃未熟的肉类及蛋类等食品；勤洗手，养成良好的个人卫生习惯。
（六）药物预防 对密切接触者必要时可试用抗流感病毒药物或按中医药辨证施防。